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Accessibility Best Practices

Guideline & Success Criterion

Guideline 1.1: Text Alternatives - Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language.

Success Criterion 1.1.1: Non-text Content - All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose.

Text Alternatives

"The purpose of [Guideline 1.1] is to ensure that all non-text content is also available in text. "Text" refers to electronic text, not an image of text. Electronic text has the unique advantage that it is presentation neutral. That is, it can be rendered visually, auditorily, tactilely, or by any combination. As a result, information rendered in electronic text can be presented in whatever form best meets the needs of the user. It can also be easily enlarged, spoken aloud so that it is easier for people with reading disabilities to understand, or rendered in whatever tactile form best meets the needs of a user." [1]

Non-Text Content (such as images)

"The intent of [Success Criterion 1.1.1] is to make information conveyed by non-text content accessible through the use of a text alternative. Text alternatives are a primary way for making information accessible because they can be rendered through any sensory modality (for example, visual, auditory or tactile) to match the needs of the user. Providing text alternatives allows the information to be rendered in a variety of ways by a variety of user agents. For example, a person who cannot see a picture can have the text alternative read aloud using synthesized speech. A person who cannot hear an audio file can have the text alternative displayed so that he or she can read it. In the future, text alternatives will also allow information to be more easily translated into sign language or into a simpler form of the same language." [2]


This tab (Text Alternatives) focuses on providing alternative text for static visual elements. Text alternatives for audio and video elements are covered in the tab Captions and Transcripts.